NICI > Publications > 1999 > Benzodiazepinen
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Reference
Coenen, A.M.L., & Knuisting Neven, A. (1999). Benzodiazepinen. In A.Knuisting Neven (Ed.), Modern Sleep Medicine (pp. 157-166).
Abstract
Benzodiazepines are the most popular and prescribed anxiolytics and hypnotics over the world. They are relatively safe and have a broad field of action. Benzodiazepines induce relaxation and sedation, reduce anxiety, facilitate sleep, cause muscle relaxation and have anti-convulsive effects. The biological profile of all benzodiazepine-derivatives is almost the same. A clear difference exists only in half-life, a measure for the time of action. Besides induction of sedation and sleepiness, benzodiazepines affect psychomotor functions as car-driving, give rise to anterograde amnesia and influence the EEG. When used for a longer time, tolerance may develop, efficacy decreases and dependence can be the result. Benzodiazepines relieve the symptoms of psychic problems, but do not cure the underlying problems. Nevertheless, they are of great value for patients in order to reduce anxiety and to promote sleep. Ideally, they should be used in supporting a causal therapy. Benzodiazepines mediate their effects by facilitating inhibitory processes in the brain; they act as GABA-agonists. Recently, the benzodiazepine-receptor was identified and new insights in the mechanisms of actions of the benzodiazepines indicate that more specific benzodiazepine-like drugs with less side-effects will be available in the future.